2020-2021 Catalog 
    
    Mar 28, 2024  
2020-2021 Catalog [ARCHIVED CATALOG]

Courses


Description of courses offered by the various departments

The symbols FA (fall), IN (interim), SP (spring), and SU (summer) indicate when each course is offered. The credit (semester hours) for each course is indicated in parentheses after the course name. Interim course descriptions are made available during the fall semester and are published online.

 

 

Accounting: Undergraduate

  
  • ACCT 203 - Managerial Accounting

    (3)
    FA, SP. The course provides an introduction to managerial accounting concepts, budgeting, incremental cost and profit analysis, breakeven analysis, responsibility reporting, and the use of financial analysis for managerial decision-making. May not be taken concurrently with ACCT 204 . Not open to first-year students.
  
  • ACCT 204 - Financial Accounting

    (4)
    FA, SP. After considering the importance of generally accepted accounting principles and the study of the accounting cycle, the course emphasizes asset valuation, classification, and measurement of liabilities, and income determination. May not be taken concurrently with ACCT 203 . Not open to first-year students.
  
  • ACCT 205 - Financial Reporting and Analysis

    (3)
    SP. This course takes a stakeholder-oriented approach to the study of financial reporting and analysis. Students will evaluate the role of the statement of operations, the statement of financial position, the statement of cash flows, footnote disclosures, management discussion and analysis, SEC filings, and the annual report in the financial reporting process. Topics include a comparison of US Generally Accepted Accounting Principles (GAAP) and International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS), the effects of alternative accounting methods on financial analysis, and the analysis of past firm performance and forecasts of future performance. Students will analyze financial statements and related data to derive estimates and develop inferences useful in business decisions and evaluate organizational efficiency, financial condition, profitability, liquidity, and solvency by means of ratio analysis, common-size analysis, trend analysis and industry comparisons. Prerequisite: ACCT 204 .
  
  • ACCT 210 - Computerized Accounting

    (3)
    IN. Small businesses are the backbone of the US economy and a primary source of jobs for Americans. This course will evaluate various accounting solutions that have been developed to assist small business. Students will evaluate current accounting theory relevant to small-to-medium-size enterprises (SMEs) and apply it to practice by utilizing current software. Basic tax reporting, compliance, and technology issue for smaller entities will be discussed. This course may fulfill an elective in the accounting minor and, with department chair approval, the business minor. Prerequisite: ACCT 204 .
  
  • ACCT 301 - Intermediate Accounting I

    (4)
    FA. A study of financial accounting theory and generally accepted accounting principles as applied to the measurement and valuation of assets and liabilities. For entry into this 300-level accounting course, students must have achieved at least a C in BUS 101 BUS 201 ACCT 203 ACCT 204 .
  
  • ACCT 302 - Intermediate Accounting II

    (4)
    SP. Continuation of Intermediate Accounting I. A study of financial accounting theory and generally accepted accounting principles as applied to the measurement and valuation assets, liabilities, shareholders’ equity, issues related to income determination, and preparation and analysis of corporate financial statements. Prerequisite: A grade of at least a C in ACCT 301 .
  
  • ACCT 305 - Cost Accounting

    (4)
    FA. This course covers principles and methods of accounting for manufacturing and operating costs, with emphasis on analysis and reporting to management to facilitate planning, control, and decision-making. For entry into this 300-level accounting course, students must have achieved at least a C in BUS 101 BUS 201 ACCT 203 , and ACCT 204 .
  
  • ACCT 306 - Income Tax

    (4)
    FA. A study of Federal income tax law and of tax cases to provide a basis for an understanding and evaluation of that law and of the rate structure. Includes the implications of income taxation for business decisions. Emphasis on taxation of individuals with limited coverage of partnerships and corporations. For entry into this 300-level accounting course, students must have achieved at least a C in BUS 101 BUS 201 ACCT 203 ACCT 204 .
  
  • ACCT 307 - Advanced Taxation

    (4)
    SP. A study of Federal tax law and of tax cases as they apply to corporations, partnerships, estates, and trusts. This course will analyze and evaluate the Internal Revenue Code, the IRS Regulations, and appropriate case law as the basis for understanding the law, for utilizing the law in tax planning, and for ethically interpreting the law. Tax research will be emphasized. Prerequisite: ACCT 306 .
  
  • ACCT 315 - Accounting Systems

    (4)
    FA. A study of accounting systems, which provides information for decision-making. The course examines business structures, information needed for decision-making, internal controls in manual and computerized systems, systems development, systems controls, and ethical aspects of the computer environment. For entry into this 300-level accounting course, students must have achieved at least a C in BUS 101 BUS 201 ACCT 203 ACCT 204 .
  
  • ACCT 383 - External Practicum

    (1)
    FA, IN, SP, SU. Students work at least 60 hours in a position that must be related to their major. May be repeated multiple times for credit. No more than 12 credit hours of internship and/or practicum can be counted toward graduation requirements. International students enrolled in this course may apply for CPT authorization. Online. Prerequisites: Not open to first-year students. Must be a major in department and have received approval from the department. Applications are initiated through the Career Center. Students find their own position, which must be approved by the Career Center and the department.
  
  • ACCT 391 - Accounting Internship

    (1, 3)
    Internships involve a minimum of ten hours of work a week for ten weeks (or equivalent) in a professional setting with an approved employer-supervisor in a business or nonprofit organization. This course may be taken for one or three credits. For one credit, academic work includes meetings with the professor, goal setting, a final paper, and an assessment from the employer-supervisor. For three credits, additional academic work includes readings, seminars/workshops, reflective journals, and a major paper/presentation. A three-credit major or minor requirement may also be fulfilled by repeating the one credit course a minimum of three times. If taken multiple times with the same employer, new goals must be determined each time. The internship must be in the accounting for the course to fulfill a major or minor requirement. Prerequisites: BUS 101 ACCT 203 , and approval of the internship professor. Not offered 2020-2021.

Accounting: Graduate

  
  • ACCT 508 - Tax Research and Professional Responsibilities

    (4)
    SP. This course emphasizes an in-depth development of select topics introduced in the earlier courses and evaluates recent tax legislation and court decisions. It also develops skills in research using primary sources including the Internal Revenue Code and the Regulations. Finally, it emphasizes analysis and evaluation as the basis for tax planning. This course builds on the knowledge base from introductory taxation and business law courses.
  
  • ACCT 510 - Advanced Accounting

    (3)
    FA. This course is a study of accounting for business combinations and consolidated financial statements. Prerequisites: ACCT 302  or equivalent, and admission to the MAcc program.
  
  • ACCT 511 - Auditing

    (3)
    FA. This course is an in-depth examination of PCAOB Auditing Standards, AICPA Auditing Standards, and IAASB Auditing Standards. It provides an overview of auditing standards for government entities, not-for-profit entities, and employee benefit plans, as well as standards for other attestation and non-attest services. It also is an introduction of practices and procedures of assurance services, including planning, assessing risk, testing controls, and obtaining and documenting evidence. Finally, it provides an analyses of business processes and decisions (both financial and nonfinancial) and analytical skills needed to evaluate audit evidence, develop recommendations, and communicate findings Prerequisites: ACCT 315  and admission to the MAcc program.
  
  • ACCT 512 - Government/Not-for-Profit Accounting

    (3)
    FA. This course is an examination of accounting, financial reporting, and budgeting for state and local governments, the Federal government, and not-for-profit entities. Focus areas will include the recording, reporting, and evaluation of financial information prepared in accordance with accounting standards as promulgated by the Governmental Accounting Standards Board (GASB) and the Financial Accounting Board Standards (FASB) as applied to not-for-profit entities. Prerequisites: ACCT 302  or equivalent, and admission to the MAcc program.
  
  • ACCT 520 - Current Issues in Accounting

    (3)
    FA. This course addresses current issues in the field of accounting. Topics include recent updates and/or changes in accounting and financial reporting standards, recent accounting pronouncements and the effect of these pronouncements on various entities. Topics addressed each year will vary in response to current issues. Prerequisites: ACCT 302  or equivalent, and admission to the MAcc program.
  
  • ACCT 521 - Advanced Topics in Auditing and Assurance Services

    (3)
    IN. This course emphasizes the application of professional auditing standards, completing the audit process, employing advanced auditing techniques, and identifying the auditor’s role in determining whether publicly issued financial statements are fairly presented. Includes application of auditing procedures to financial statement transaction cycles, and conducting audit procedures using specialized data analysis software. It builds on the knowledge base from an introductory auditing course. Prerequisites: ACCT 315  and ACCT 511  or equivalent, and admission to the MAcc program.
  
  • ACCT 530 - Accounting Communications

    (3)
    FA. Prepares students to communicate accounting information, both within the accounting profession and to other stakeholders. Emphasizes developing a business style of writing that includes planning, critical thinking about accounting problems to be solved, organizing ideas, and producing documents or other products designed to accomplish the communicative and archival purposes pertinent to the business situation. Enables students to generate documents required in specialized areas of accounting such as auditing, taxation, and accounting information systems, and to consider the impact of electronic communication technology on communications and writing in the accounting profession. Familiarizes students with the use of authoritative accounting guidance (e.g., the Financial Accounting Standards Board’s Accounting Standards Codification, American Institute of Certified Public Accountants’ Statements on Auditing Standards, and the Research Institute of America’s United States Tax Reporter) to research accounting issues, and enables students to organize, analyze and present information obtained to support assumptions made and conclusions reached. This is a required course in the MAcc program. Prerequisites: ACCT 315  and admission to the MAcc program.
  
  • ACCT 535 - Corporate Financial Research, Analysis, and Valuation

    (3)
    SP. This course is about the research and analysis of financial information with a primary focus on firms’ financial statements and the use of that information in making decisions regarding investing in, lending to, acquiring, merging with, doing business with, or competing with the firm. Forecasting and firm valuation methods are developed and applied to a variety of firms. These methods connect economic events to financial statements and aid in developing a framework for analyzing a wide variety of financial reporting decisions. Some of the valuation methods developed are used in determining fair value per financial accounting standards. The course seeks to understand the interactions among financial reporting, the use of accounting and non-accounting information, financial forecasting and valuation, and the workings of the capital markets. Prerequisites: ACCT 205  and FIN 301  or equivalent, and admission to the MAcc program.
  
  • ACCT 545 - Business Analytics

    (3)
    SP. This course prepares students to plan, execute, write and present descriptive, predictive, and prescriptive quantitative analyses of financial and operational data, in order to inform management decision-making. It familiarizes students with relevant software tools and techniques for preparing, analyzing, and presenting data and does so in the context of analyzing pertinent financial information. Finally, it enables students to recognize and produce high quality quantitative analyses as well as critique deceptive and manipulative abuses of quantitative analyses from a Reformed perspective. Prerequisite: admission to the MAcc program.
  
  • ACCT 562 - Ethics in Accounting

    (3)
    FA. This course examines the moral responsibilities pertinent to membership in the accounting profession, both for individual contributors and for managers of other accounting professionals and businesspeople. Emphasis is placed upon the current ethical standards of the institutions of the accounting profession, the nature of professionalism, and the particular ethical challenges and expectations that pertain to auditing, managerial accounting, and tax accounting. Philosophical and Reformed theological normative frameworks are studied, with a focus on grounding and justifying ethical standards and expectations. Written assignments and class discussion will rehearse students’ capacity for analyzing ethical issues, and for proposing solutions that will be convincing to others. Discussions and readings will explore personal and structural impediments to diversity in the workplace, and highlight best practices in inclusive leadership. Prerequisite: admission to the MAcc program.
  
  • ACCT 590 - Accounting Independent Study

    (1,4)
    FA, IN, SP, SU. Independent study of topics of interest to particular students under supervision of a member of the department staff. Open to qualified students with permission of the department chair.

Art

  
  • ART 153 - Visual Culture

    (3)
    FA, SP. This course focuses on how meaning is made through our visual environment. Students study a wide range of visual forms from contexts including architecture, art history, popular culture and advertising, in order to gain a better understanding of how our contemporary experiences and identities are informed and shaped by images. This course will introduce students to visual images and critically examine their various uses in contemporary culture. Class time is a combination of image analysis, image production, lectures, screenings, field trips, and student presentations. Intended for first- and second-year students. Materials fee.
  
  • ART 383 - External Practicum

    (1)
    FA, IN, SP, SU. Students work at least 60 hours in a position that must be related to their major. May be repeated multiple times for credit. No more than 12 credit hours of internship and/or practicum can be counted toward graduation requirements. International students enrolled in this course may apply for CPT authorization. Online. Prerequisites: Not open to first-year students. Must be a major in department and have received approval from the department. Applications are initiated through the Career Center. Students find their own position, which must be approved by the Career Center and the department.

Art Education

  
  • ARTE 315 - Introduction to Elementary Art Education

    (3)
    SP. This course is an introduction to the field of art education in general as well as art education methods specifically for the elementary school level. This course is designed to meet the needs of the Art Education student (K-12) and is pre-requisite to ARTE 316. It is also designed to meet the needs of the education student taking a fine arts group minor. This course includes lectures, studio experiences, and collaborative assignments as well as assignments to create art lesson plans, units and a personal philosophy of art education. Partnership opportunities to work with area school children through service learning hours are included. Prerequisites: EDUC 302 /EDUC 303  or permission of the instructor. Materials fee
  
  • ARTE 316 - Secondary Art Education

    (3)
    FA. This course introduces students to various methods of teaching art in the secondary school and to professional standards in art education. It will also guide prospective teachers in developing a responsible pedagogical approach that they can call their own. To foster greater socio-historical understanding, throughout this course, the function of visual images will be addressed in relation to their cultural setting. This course includes lectures, studio projects, demonstrations, and art teaching experiences with students from area schools. This final component will be met through service learning hours. Prerequisites: ART 153, ARTE 315, EDUC 302 /EDUC 303 . Materials fee
  
  • ARTE 359 - Seminar in Principles and Practices in Art Teaching

    (3)
    SP. This is a course on principles and practices in the teaching of visual art at the elementary and secondary levels. This course must be taken concurrently with EDUC 346 . Students must be admitted into directed teaching by the Art and Education Departments prior to enrollment.
  
  • ARTE 399 - Exhibition

    (0)
    SP. Group exhibition of student work, required of senior art education majors for graduation.

Art History

  
  • ARTH 101 - Introduction to the History of Art I

    (3)
    FA, SP. This course surveys the history of the visual arts from the Paleolithic era to the Renaissance. Although this course concentrates primarily on the development of the historical and religious traditions of Europe, the artistic traditions of non-Western cultures are also addressed. The course is intended for first- and second-year students.
  
  • ARTH 102 - Introduction to the History of Art II

    (3)
    FA, SP. This course is a historical survey of the visual arts in Western and non-Western civilization from the Renaissance to the present. It is intended for first- and second-year students.
  
  • ARTH 232 - Early Christian and Byzantine Arts

    (3)
    A historical study of the form and function of visual images in the early Christian and the Byzantine traditions. Special attention will be given to the rise of the cult of saints, to the veneration and destruction of religious icons, and to the relationship between sacred images and the imperial court. Slide lectures and class discussions, a research paper is required. Prerequisite: sophomore standing or above. Not offered 2020-2021.
  
  • ARTH 233 - Medieval Art

    (3)
    SP. A historical study of the form and function of visual images in Western Europe from 400 to 1400. Special attention will be given to the relationship between art and the crusades, to tensions between monastic orders, and to the role of visual images in various kinds of mysticism. Slide lectures and class discussions, a research paper is required. Prerequisite: sophomore standing or above. Not offered 2020-2021.
  
  • ARTH 234 - Northern Renaissance Art

    (3)
    A historical study of the form and function of visual images in Netherlandish and German cultures from 1400 to 1550. Special attention will be given to the rise of naturalism, to the relationship between art and religious devotion, and to the emergence of an art market. Jan van Eyck, Hieronymus Bosch, Pieter Bruegel, and Albrecht Dürer are some of the major artists studied. Slide lectures and class discussions, a research paper is required. Prerequisite: sophomore standing or above. Not offered 2020-2021.
  
  • ARTH 235 - Italian Renaissance Art

    (3)
    A historical study of the form and function of visual images in Italy from 1300 to 1550. Special attention will be given to the emergence of linear perspective, to the relationship between art and humanism, and to the invention of artistic genius. Giotto, Piero della Francesca, Leonardo da Vinci, and Michelangelo are some of the major artists studied. Slide lectures and class discussions, a research paper is required. Prerequisite: sophomore standing or above. Not offered 2020-2021.
  
  • ARTH 237 - Baroque and Rococo Art

    (3)
    A historical study of the form and function of visual images in Western Europe and the American colonies during the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries. Special attention will be given to relationship between art and the Catholic Reformation, to the rise of nationalism and modern science, and to the emergence of philosophical aesthetics. Caravaggio, Bernini, Rubens, Rembrandt, Vermeer, and Watteau are some of the major artists studied. Slide lectures and class discussions, a research paper is required. Prerequisite: sophomore standing Not offered 2020-2021.
  
  • ARTH 238 - Nineteenth-Century Art

    (3)
    A historical study of the form and function of nineteenth-century art in Western Europe and the United States, from neo-classicism to impressionism. Special attention will be given to the relationship between art and the politics of revolution, to the cultural implications of industrialization, and to the search for scientific objectivity. David, Delacroix, Goya, Courbet, Manet, and Monet are some of the major artists studied. Slide lectures and class discussions, a research paper is required. Prerequisite: sophomore standing or above. Not offered 2020-2021.
  
  • ARTH 239 - Modernism and the Arts

    (3)
    A historical study of the form and function of visual images in Western Europe and the United States from 1880 to 1960. Special attention will be given to the rejection of optical naturalism, to the emergence of psychoanalysis, to the World Wars, and to the development of modernism in various intellectual circles. Van Gogh, Cézanne, Matisse, Picasso, and Pollock are some of the major artists studied. Slide lectures and class discussions, a research paper is required. Prerequisite: sophomore standing or above. Not offered 2020-2021.
  
  • ARTH 240 - Contemporary Art

    (3)
    FA. A historical study of the form and function of visual images in Western Europe and North America since 1960. Special attention will be given to the collapse of modernism, to the revolution in digital technologies, and to contemporary issues concerning race, cultural identity, and gender. Slide lectures and class discussions, a research paper is required. Prerequisite: sophomore standing or above. Not offered 2020-2021.
  
  • ARTH 241 - Asian Art

    (3)
    FA. A historical study of the form and function of visual images in Asian Cultures. Special attention will be given to India, China, and Japan. Students will address the relationship between visual images and political, religious, and social developments in Asia, including the spread of Hinduism, Buddhism, and Islam. Slide lectures and class discussions, a research paper is required. Prerequisite: sophomore standing or above. Not offered 2020-2021.
  
  • ARTH 243 - Art of the Americas

    (3)
    A historical study of the form and function of visual images in pre-Columbian and Native American cultures. This course will concentrate on cultural developments before contact with Western civilization, but issues of cultural interaction between Native American and immigrant European cultures will be addressed. Slide lectures and class discussions, a research paper is required. Prerequisite: sophomore standing or above. Not offered 2020-2021.
  
  • ARTH 393 - Museum Studies

    (3)
    FA, SP, tutorial. An advanced course providing opportunities for studying the theory and practice of museum education and/or exhibition curatorial development and installation. Prerequisites: five courses in Art History and permission of the instructor.
  
  • ARTH 397 - Methods in Art Historiography

    (3)
    A capstone seminar for all juniors and seniors majoring in art history, the course aims to provide an understanding of the development of art history as an academic discipline and the major methodological approaches available for engaging art objects. Special attention is paid to connecting these methodological issues to the rest of the art history curriculum including the integration of ethics and faith commitments. In preparing students for future work in art history, the course strives to hone critical thinking skills and instill in students a richer appreciation of the stakes of intellectual positions. Not offered 2020-2021.
  
  • ARTH 399 - Symposium

    (0)
    SP, tutorial. Presentation of student research.

Art Studio

The following art courses may be part of supplementary concentrations in journalism: ARTS 255  , ARTS 256  , ARTS 305  , ARTS 306  , ARTS 316  , ARTS 355  , and ARTS 356  .

  
  • ARTS 250 - Introduction to Drawing

    (3)
    FA, SP. This course focuses on observational drawing to develop working methods based in seeing. Students will use a variety of materials and techniques to pursue growth through process, practice and critical reflection. Contemporary art and art theory are addressed through images and readings, so students will gain an understanding of various practices in drawing and investigate its conceptual possibilities for their own development. Intended for first- and second-year students. Materials fee.
  
  • ARTS 251 - Introduction to Painting

    (3)
    FA. This course introduces students to painting techniques and concepts with an emphasis on the formal language of the medium within a fine art context. Plein-air landscape painting in oil will anchor the course, along with still life and figuratives assignments. Color theory, linear perspective, compositional structure, figure/ground relationships, visual perception, spatial concepts, and critical thinking skills are all central concerns. As an introduction, the course emphasizes painting as the art of recording observations and experiences rather than the creation of highly finished products. The course will also address visual, technical, and conceptual concerns through readings, discussions, demonstrations, and critiques. Materials fee.
  
  • ARTS 252 - Introduction to Printmaking

    (3)
    This course introduces students to the methodologies and concepts of intaglio printmaking as a foundation for understanding the significance of print strategies within contemporary art. Students will learn how to prepare and manipulate metal plates, print multiple images from a matrix, and curate editions. Processes covered are monotype, drypoint, hard and soft ground etching, and aquatint. In addition, students learn about the properties of handmade and industrially produced paper. The course emphasizes conceptual implications of print, non-toxic techniques, and how to work in the environment of a print shop. Prerequisite: ARTS 250 . Materials fee. Not offered 2020-2021.
  
  • ARTS 254 - Introduction to Graphic Design

    (3)
    SP. Students are introduced to the basics of design principles and vocabulary, and to the Adobe Creative Suite (including Illustrator, InDesign, and Photoshop) as a tool for handling a range of visual images aimed at communicative effects. In addition to the development of foundational technical skills, the course introduces conceptual approaches to design strategies with both practical and theoretical applications.
  
  • ARTS 255 - Graphic Design 1: Process

    (3)
    SP. Introducing design as an artistic practice that requires both physical making and digital exploration, Graphic Design 1 takes students into the initial steps of typographic experimentation with an emphasis on the processes that anchor graphic design. Typographic form—the use of letters, words, and phrases for compositional effects—is introduced through analysis and manipulation, using established methods, rules, conventions, and procedures. Students will build visual narratives that combine words and images. They also will begin to develop verbal aptitude through regular group critiques. Prerequisite: ARTS 254  or permission of the instructor, based on a portfolio review.
  
  • ARTS 256 - Introduction to Photography

    (3)
    FA, SP. An introduction to basic photographic techniques and the process of black and white photography including camera operation, film processing, printing, and presentation. Course work emphasizes visual problems and solutions specific to photography, such as flatness, frame, time, and focus. The ability to produce photographic images with visual effectiveness through control and execution of the media is stressed. Visual and technical abilities will be reinforced through readings, discussions, demonstrations, critiques, and lectures. The history of photography and critical approaches to the media will be introduced and inform the context of study. Materials fee.
  
  • ARTS 257 - Introduction to Sculpture

    (3)
    This class introduces the medium of sculpture through a variety of materials and techniques, building skill sets as well as developing problem solving and decision making. The sculpture process is concerned with form, space, presence, objecthood, the body, time, and place. Students will learn to critically examine the medium of sculpture through discussions and critiques. We will discuss contemporary work and theory within the art historical context, and attempt to achieve a relevant definition of sculpture. Through theory, practice, and discussion we will understand how to use and develop our gifts in order to glorify God and seek shalom. Materials fee. Not offered 2020-2021.
  
  • ARTS 258 - Introduction to Ceramics

    (3)
    FA, SP. This course introduces students to the basic components of ceramics, including the construction of three-dimensional forms and the organization of space. Students will learn traditional and contemporary methods of working with clay and glazes. Course work addresses visual problems and solutions specific to ceramics, the texture of materials, and the manipulation of space. Visual acuity and technical abilities will be reinforced through readings, discussions, demonstrations, critiques, and lectures. The history of ceramics and critical approaches to the media will lead to an understanding of how three-dimensional forms give shape to ideas and beliefs. Materials fee.
  
  • ARTS 300 - Intermediate Drawing

    (3)
    SP. A further exploration of the activity of drawing. This course emphasizes the critical engagement of visual problems and solutions through the development of a drawing portfolio. The primary source material for this course is the human figure, utilized for visual and technical investigation of pictorial space, as well as for contemporary critical issues surrounding the representation of the self and others. Prerequisite: ARTS 250 . Materials fee.
  
  • ARTS 301 - Intermediate Painting

    (3)
    SP. A further exploration of painting ideas and media. This course emphasizes the critical engagement of visual problems and solutions through the development of a painting portfolio. Students will be expected to participate in ongoing group and individual critiques, discussions of assigned readings, and contribute to the dialogue in a bi-weekly painting seminar. Through critical engagement of contemporary painting practices, this course initiates patterns of individual research in the production of a painting portfolio. Prerequisite: ARTS 251 . Materials fee.
  
  • ARTS 305 - Graphic Design 2: Structures

    (3)
    FA. Equipped with a basic typographic proficiency, students in this course will hone their technical and conceptual skills through close examination of the structural elements of design. Hierarchy, grid systems, and organizational strategies are central concerns. Complex communication problems are addressed, incorporating formal and expressive typography, pictorial imagery, and personal narratives. Conceptually, distinctions between the analysis of form and the meanings of form are explored. Assignments range from the production of a multi-page publication using InDesign to the development of a design project using found materials. Prerequisite: ARTS 255 . Materials fee.
  
  • ARTS 306 - Analogue Photography

    (3)
    A further exploration of the visual and technical aspects of the photographic medium, with study of critical theory specific to analogue photography. A variety of professional equipment, processes and advanced techniques will also be introduced. Course work includes readings, demonstrations, and lectures through the production of effective photographic images. Photographic criticism is addressed through readings, lectures, studio assignments, critiques, and a final project. Prerequisite: ARTS 256 . Materials fee. Not offered 2020-2021.
  
  • ARTS 307 - Intermediate Sculpture

    (3)
    A further investigation of the visual and technical aspects of sculptural media and organization of space. This course will require the production of a portfolio of sculptural objects. Special attention will be given to the use of particular production methods, issues of presentation, and the relationship between concept and process. Critical theory specific to sculpture is addressed through readings, lectures, and class projects. Prerequisite: ARTS 257 . Materials fee. Not offered 2020-2021.
  
  • ARTS 308 - Intermediate Ceramics

    (3)
    FA, SP. A further investigation of the visual and technical aspects of clay, glazes, and other media. This course will require the production of a portfolio of ceramic objects. Special attention will be given to the use of particular production methods, issues of presentation, and the relationship between concept and process. Critical theory specific to ceramics is addressed through readings, lectures, and class projects. Prerequisite: ARTS 258 . Materials fee.
  
  • ARTS 316 - Digital Photography

    (3)
    FA. An exploration of the visual and technical aspects of photography with an emphasis on digital media. A study of critical theory specific to digital photography will be addressed. Topics covered will include digital image acquisition, manipulation, storage, and display. Course work includes readings, demonstrations, and lecture through intensive production of digital images. Criticism is addressed through readings, lectures, studio assignments, critiques, and a final project. Prerequisite: ARTS 256 . Materials fee.
  
  • ARTS 350 - Advanced Drawing

    (3)
    SP. This course addresses individual research and conceptual problem solving through the production of a cohesive portfolio of drawings. Students will be encouraged to experiment with the use of new technologies and non-traditional drawing media. In addition to discussions of assigned readings, students will participate in ongoing group and individual critiques that will focus on the individual development and critical understanding of drawn images and ideas. Prerequisite: ARTS 300 . Materials fee.
  
  • ARTS 351 - Advanced Painting

    (3)
    SP. A further investigation of painting ideas and media. This course emphasizes individual research and conceptual problem solving through the production of a portfolio of paintings. In addition to helping lead the bi-weekly seminar on contemporary issues in painting, students will participate in ongoing group and individual critiques focused on the development of images and ideas toward a cohesive painting portfolio. Prerequisite: ARTS 301 . Materials fee.
  
  • ARTS 355 - Graphic Design 3: Systems

    (3)
    FA. Building upon processes and structures, students in this course will develop an integrated branding campaign that requires them to work in terms of systems. Students will explore individual methods and techniques for manipulating typography, symbols, illustrations, and photographs. Emphasis is placed on honing graphic design research skills with an eye toward solving practical and conceptual problems. Prerequisite: ARTS 305 . Materials fee.
  
  • ARTS 356 - Advanced Photography

    (3)
    SP. An emphasis on individual research and conceptual problem solving in the production of a coherent body of analogue and/or digital photographic work. Class time will consist of critiques on the quality of concept and presentation of idea in student images, in addition to discussions of critical readings. Students will be evaluated on a photography production and a class presentation. Prerequisite: ARTS 306  or ARTS 316 . Materials fee. Not offered 2020-2021.
  
  • ARTS 357 - Advanced Sculpture

    (3)
    FA. This course directs individual research in the production of a cohesive body of sculptural work. Requirements include regular critiques of works in progress and discussions of techniques and critical readings. Student portfolios will be evaluated on the basis of craft, concept, and presentation. Students will examine possible ways in which they can make contributions to the field of sculpture and visual culture. Prerequisite: ARTS 307 . Materials fee. Not offered 2020-2021.
  
  • ARTS 358 - Advanced Ceramics

    (3)
    FA, SP. This course directs individual research in the production of a cohesive body of ceramic work. Requirements include regular critiques of works in progress, discussions of techniques, and critical readings. Student portfolios will be evaluated on the basis of craft, concept, and presentation. Students will examine possible ways in which they can make contributions to the field of ceramics and visual culture. Prerequisite: ARTS 308 . Materials fee.
  
  • ARTS 365 - Graphic Design 4: Portfolio

    (3)
    FA. Students will develop new pieces and refine existing pieces from their body of work and prepare a professional portfolio for graduation. Presentation tactics, identity systems, and professional preparation will be central concerns. Prerequisite: ARTS 355  or permission of the instructor.
  
  • ARTS 375 - Graphic Design 5: Thesis / Special Topics

    (3)
    SP. Students will engage in a semester-long, directed, research-based project culminating in a group exhibition. Students are encouraged to pursue methods, techniques, and processes that are of particular interest for them. Prerequisite: ARTS 355  or permission of the instructor.
  
  • ARTS 380 - Internship in Graphic Design

    (1,3)
    FA, SP, tutorial. Internships involve a minimum of eight hours of work a week for eight weeks (or equivalent) in a professional setting with an approved employer-supervisor in a business or nonprofit organization. At a minimum, students will meet three times with the instructor overseeing the internship, complete a self-assessment assignment, and produce a significant portfolio addition. This course may be taken for one or three credits, depending upon the scope of the work involved. Prerequisite: ARTS 255 .
  
  • ARTS 385 - Internship in Visual Studies

    (3)
    FA, SP, tutorial. A practicum in which students work a minimum of ten hours per week for one semester in an art-related field under the supervision of a studio artist, professional designer, or gallery director. Students will also meet regularly with an instructor on campus to address lessons learned. To enroll in this course, students must submit a written proposal to the chair for approval. This course is not intended for students concentrating in communication design. Prerequisites: Five Art Studio courses and departmental approval.
  
  • ARTS 390 - Independent Study in Studio Art

    (3)
    FA, SP. An advanced course providing opportunities for investigating the use of new techniques or new materials, including mixed-media. To enroll in this course, students must submit a written proposal to the chair for approval. Prerequisites: Five Art Studio courses and departmental approval.
  
  • ARTS 395 - Senior Seminar in Studio Art

    (3)
    FA. This capstone seminar course for all seniors majoring in studio art examines the integral relationship between the production of visual images and issues of faith. Students will investigate contemporary theories and practices in art production and criticism, while refining their own faith-centered studio practice. In addition, students will address ethical issues related to art making as they prepare for professional careers in art-related fields. Presentations, selected readings and class discussions; completion of a professional art portfolio and artist statement is required.
  
  • ARTS 399 - Exhibition

    (0)
    SP. Group exhibition of student work, required of senior studio art majors and BFA candidates. Art education students exhibit in the fall semester. All other majors in the spring. Prerequisite: ARTS 395 .

Astronomy

  
  • ASTR 110 - Planets, Stars, and Galaxies

    (4)
    FA. A survey of the major astronomical objects, including planets, stars, and galaxies, a study of their characteristics and their organization into a dynamic, structured universe, an investigation of the processes now occurring in the universe and the methods used to study them, a presentation of the history and development of the universe. The course examines scientific perspectives on the natural world, various relationships between science and culture, the role of Christianity in the development of science, and relationships between Christianity and current scientific findings. Not open to students who have taken, or expect to take, ASTR 111 or ASTR 112. Students who meet the prerequisites of ASTR 211 or ASTR 212 are encouraged to take one of those courses instead. Laboratory (lab fee: $25). Lab fee: $25.
  
  • ASTR 111 - The Solar System

    (4)
    This course is similar to ASTR 110 in providing an introduction to astronomy from a Christian perspective, but emphasizes the contents of our solar system (ranging from planets and satellites down to meteorites and dust), their interrelatedness, and their development over time. Not open to students who have taken ASTR 110, but open to students who have taken or plan to take ASTR 112. Students who meet the prerequisites of ASTR 211 or ASTR 212 are encouraged to take one of those courses instead. Laboratory. Not offered 2020-2021.
  
  • ASTR 112 - Stars, Galaxies, and the Universe

    (4)
    This course is similar to ASTR 110 in providing an introduction to astronomy from a Christian perspective, but emphasizes objects beyond our solar system (including stars, black holes, and galaxies), their function and development, and how they fit into the structure and development of the universe as a whole. Not open to students who have taken ASTR 110, but open to students who have taken or plan to take ASTR 111. Students who meet the prerequisites of ASTR 211 or ASTR 212 are encouraged to take one of these courses instead. Laboratory. Not offered 2020-2021.
  
  • ASTR 211 - Planetary and Stellar Astronomy

    (4)
    SP, alternate years. This course is an introduction to modern astronomy and astrophysics for students with some science and mathematics preparation. The first portion of the course includes a study of the planets and other objects in the solar system, including their physical processes and development and the formation of the solar system as a whole. The second portion of the course emphasizes the physical structure of stars, their origin and development, and their end results (white dwarfs, neutron stars, black holes). Students may take both ASTR 211 and ASTR 212, but one is not a prerequisite for the other. Laboratory (lab fee: $25). Prerequisites: one course in college calculus (such as MATH 132  or MATH 171 ) and one course in high school or college physics, or permission of the instructor. Lab fee: $25 Not offered 2020-2021.
  
  • ASTR 212 - Galactic Astronomy and Cosmology

    (4)
    SP, alternate years. This course is an introduction to modern astronomy and astrophysics for students with some science and mathematics preparation. The first portion of the course includes a study of our own Galaxy, its structure, its contents (including the interstellar medium and dark matter), and its formation and development. The second portion of the course covers other galaxies, including their classification, clustering, and development, as well as active galaxies and quasars. The final portion of the course covers physical cosmology, including expansion of the universe, its age and ultimate fate, and the formation of elements. Students may take both ASTR 211  and this course, but one is not a prerequisite for the other. Laboratory. Prerequisites: one course in college calculus (such as MATH 132  or MATH 171 ) and one course in high school or college physics, or permission of the instructor. Lab fee: $25.
  
  • ASTR 384 - Modern Observational Astronomy

    (2)
    FA, alternate years. Students will learn techniques of modern observational astronomy by doing observing projects in each of three wavelength regimes: optical, radio, and one other (e.g., x-ray). Optical observations will use CCD detectors to do multi-color photography, photometry, astrometry, and spectroscopy. Radio observations made with the Very Large Array will be used for interferometric imaging. NASA archival data will be used for other wavelengths. Laboratory (lab fee: $25). Prerequisite: Concurrent registration in or completion of ASTR 211 or ASTR 212. Lab fee: $25. Not offered 2020-2021.
  
  • ASTR 390 - Independent Study

    (1-4)
    FA, IN, SP. Independent readings and research in astronomy. Prerequisite: A faculty sponsor and permission of the chair.
  
  • ASTR 395 - Astronomy Research, Writing, and Presentation

    (0-3)
    FA, IN, SP. Completion of an approved experimental or theoretical research with presentation of results. The research may be done entirely as part of this course or through another avenue (e.g., summer research with a faculty member). Normally, each student is required to submit a formal, written report and to present results in a department seminar and/or poster presentation. This course may be taken up to three times. Prerequisites: A faculty sponsor and approval of the department.

Biology

  
  • BIOL 383 - External Practicum

    (1)
    FA, IN, SP, SU. Students work at least 60 hours in a position that must be related to their major. May be repeated multiple times for credit. No more than 12 credit hours of internship and/or practicum can be counted toward graduation requirements. International students enrolled in this course may apply for CPT authorization. Online. Prerequisites: Not open to first-year students. Must be a major in department and have received approval from the department. Applications are initiated through the Career Center. Students find their own position, which must be approved by the Career Center and the department.

Biology: Non-major Core Courses

  
  • BIOL 115 - Human Biology

    (4)
    FA, SP, SU. This course is a study of the major theories of biology as applied to human beings. The student is introduced to the concepts of cell, genetics, ecology, and evolution through the study of the anatomy, physiology, and development of the human body and health. Students apply these concepts to contemporary issues in human biology, society, and the environment. Laboratory activities utilize methods of biological investigation, with an emphasis on human anatomy and physiology. Three two-hour sessions weekly. Lectures and laboratory. Lab fee: $70
  
  • BIOL 123 - Living Systems

    (4)
    FA, SP, SU. Students construct comprehensive understandings of human interactions with living systems, interconnecting foundational biological concepts to contemporary scientific, societal, ethical, and religious issues. Topics covered include ecological and evolutionary systems (climate change, biodiversity, ecosystem health, natural selection, extinction), human health (nutrition, chronic and infectious diseases, allergies), genetics (mutation, meiosis, heredity, race), and stem cells (mitosis, gene expression). Problem-based learning approaches are employed in this course to examine complex societal challenges, with contemporary problems setting the context for readings, discussions, and laboratory activities that facilitate investigating, thinking, and applying. Three two-hour sessions weekly.

Biology: Basic Courses

These courses are intended for students who pursue a biology-or biotechnology-related major or minor program and for students whose program of concentration requires one or more of the courses.

  
  • BIOL 160 - Ecological and Evolutionary Systems

    (3)
    FA, SP. Students examine the basic concepts in ecological and evolutionary biology, and their use to gain insights into adaptive features. Topics include: population genetics and ecology, evolutionary development and speciation, phylogenetics and genomics, adaptive biology, ecosystem dynamics, and biodiversity. Students develop critical thinking skills by applying those concepts to solve biological problems and learn scientific communication skills. They also critically examine Christian perspectives of evolution and environmental stewardship. This and BIOL 160L  are required courses for biology majors. Lectures and discussions. Corequisites: BIOL 160L   Lab fee: $70.
  
  • BIOL 160L - Ecological and Evolutionary Systems Lab

    (1)
    FA, SP. Students use prevailing methods to conduct field studies and lab experiments addressing interesting questions about organisms and populations as complex adaptive systems, thereby developing competencies for contemporary ecological and evolutionary biology research. Corequisite: BIOL 160   
  
  • BIOL 161 - Cellular and Genetic Systems

    (3)


    FA, SP. A presentation of the basic concepts in cellular and molecular biology and genetics. Topics include: structure and function of cells and macromolecules; energy and metabolism; cell division and regulation; DNA replication, transcription and translation; genetics; control of gene expression; and cellular mechanisms of development. Students develop critical thinking skills by applying these concepts to a broad array of bioscience problems. Laboratories consist of integrative science research projects that instill scientific competencies and proficiency with the prevailing methodologies in the cellular and molecular biosciences. Lectures and discussions. Corequisite: BIOL 161L . Corequisties or Prerequisites: CHEM 101  or CHEM 103 .

      Lab fee: $70.

  
  • BIOL 161L - Cellular and Genetic Systems Lab

    (1)
    FA, SP. Students use prevailing methods to conduct lab experiments that test the effects of cooking on compounds with nutritional and other health benefits, thereby developing competencies for contemporary cellular and molecular biology research.  Corequisite: BIOL 161  .
  
  • BIOL 230 - Physiological Systems

    (3)
    FA. An exploration of the physiological function of animals and plants that builds upon ecological and cellular biology concepts and lays a foundation for more advanced studies in the upper level biology courses. The animal physiology section will emphasize vertebrates, and the students will come to an understanding of how cells, organs and the major systems of the body interact to maintain the relatively constant internal conditions known as homeostasis. The plant section of the course will focus on angiosperms and gymnosperms, seeking to inform students of basic plant morphology and anatomy that leads to understanding of growth requirements and physiological processes of plants. Understanding the processes by which plants grow and develop connects students to topics such as ecosystem function, physical transfer of solar to chemical energy, nutrition and human health. Biology 230 and BIOL 230L are required courses for biology majors. Lectures and discussions. Prerequisites: BIOL 161  (or BIOL 141 ), CHEM 102  or CHEM 103 . Corequisite: BIOL 230L . Lab fee: $70.
  
  • BIOL 230L - Physiological Systems Lab

    (1)
    FA. Students conduct physiological experiments with animal and plant systems to address interesting physiological questions using prevailing research methods and interpreting their data in light of core physiological concepts. Corequisite: BIOL 230 .
  
  • BIOL 250 - Research Design and Methodology

    (4)
    SP. A combination of field, greenhouse and laboratory studies designed to familiarize students with research at both the cellular and ecological levels of organization. Emphasis will be on framing research questions, experimental design and data interpretation with reference to the published literature, and on the presentation and communication of scientific data. Under faculty direction student teams will develop their own research projects and present the results of their work in written and oral reports. Social, ethical, and religious implications of the results of research will be explored. Two three-hour sessions per week. Prerequisites: BIOL 160 , BIOL 161  (or BIOL 141 ); STAT 145 . Corequisite: BIOL 295 . Lab fee: $70.

Biology: Advanced Courses

  
  • BIOL 313 - Paleontology

    (4)
    SP, alternate years. A study of the organisms that once lived on the Earth. Includes an examination of the processes of fossilization and methods of discovering the structure, habitat, and relationship of those organisms, and a review of their distribution and life history. A broad spectrum of organisms is studied with emphasis on invertebrate animals. Also listed as GEO 313 . Lectures, laboratories, field trip. Prerequisite: GEO 152  or BIOL 160 . Not offered 2020-2021.
  
  • BIOL 321 - Genetics and Development

    (4)
    SP. How do we explain the vast diversity in form and function among members of a species? How do we explain the vast diversity in form and function among all of earth’s species? Neither question can be addressed effectively without an understanding of genetics and development. This course examines the nature of biological inheritance and the genetic bases of metazoan development, with a particular emphasis on evolutionary influences. Learning activities will focus on understanding genes and genomes from an evolutionary perspective, and will include lectures, class discussions of scientific papers, laboratory investigations of inheritance and development, and an independent research project. Lectures and laboratories. Prerequisites: BIOL 161  or BIOL 141  . Lab fee: $70.
  
  • BIOL 323 - Comparative Vertebrate Anatomy

    (4)


    SP, alternate years. A comparative study of vertebrate structure and the functional significance of anatomical variations, including some histology and developmental biology. Variations in the integumentary, skeletal, muscular, respiratory, digestive, circulatory, urogenital, endocrine, and nervous systems are explored in an explicit phylogenetic framework. The laboratory includes dissection of multiple representative vertebrates.  Credit cannot be applied toward a biology major for both BIOL 205 and 323.

     

      Lectures and laboratories. Prerequisite: BIOL 160 . Lab fee: $70. Not offered 2020-2021.

  
  • BIOL 325 - Biotechnology

    (4)
    FA, alternate years. How and why do we make recombinant DNAs and transgenic organisms? How and why do we manipulate stem cells? How are these and other forms of biotechnology being applied in medicine, agriculture, industry, forensics, and environmental bioremediation? In reading assignments and discussions, students explore scientific, societal, and Christian perspectives of biotechnology-including biosafety, sustainability, patenting, and ethical concerns. In laboratory exercises, students clone human DNA, express it in bacterial cells, and purify the recombinant protein. Lectures and laboratories. Prerequisites: BIOL 161  or BIOL 141 . Lab fee: $70. Not offered 2020-2021.
  
  • BIOL 331 - Comparative Animal and Human Physiology

    (4)
    FA. A study of the mechanical, physical, and biochemical functions of animals and human beings. Using basic cell and tissue activities as a starting point, this course considers how the various organs and organ systems operate to provide ways of getting, distributing, and utilizing nutrients, excreting waste, maintaining a near constant internal environment despite changes in the external environment, providing movement, allowing both rapid and slower communications between and among these systems, and reproducing the organism. Credit cannot be applied toward a biology major for both BIOL 206 and 331. Lectures and laboratories. Prerequisites: BIOL 161  (or BIOL 141 ) and BIOL 230  (or BIOL 206 ). Lab fee: $70.
  
  • BIOL 332 - Plant Physiology

    (4)
    SP, alternate years. How efficient are plants in converting light energy to chemical energy? How closely is the global food supply tied to energy or fresh water supplies? How do plants compete with other plants, animals, pathogens, or survive climate extremes when they are rooted in place? This course relates the form and function of plants across a continuum from the physiological to the ecological, from the perspective of an individual plant and that of a plant canopy. We will discover the unique ways in which plants respond to environmental stressors like water deficits or excesses, or by producing an astounding variety of strange chemicals or structures to fight pathogens and herbivores. Emphasis will be placed on how humans can use plants to produce food using agroecological methods, to address food production capacity in impoverished areas, to sequester atmospheric carbon, or to restore contaminated land areas. Students will use instruments and methods to evaluate physiological plant functions and then conduct independent investigations using those tools. Lectures and laboratories. Prerequisites: BIOL 161  (or BIOL 141 ), BIOL 230 , BIOL 250 . Lab fee: $70.
  
  • BIOL 333 - Immunology and Hematology

    (4)
    FA. How does the human body defend against pathogens? How does our defense system distinguish between our own cells and foreign invaders? This study of immunology examines mechanisms underlining the intricate work of the defense network including the innate and adaptive immune systems. Practical topics such as vaccines, AIDS, allergy, transplantation, and autoimmunity also will be discussed. The course includes lectures, class discussions of scientific papers, labs, and an independent research project. Hematologic concepts and practices are addressed in laboratory sessions. Prerequisite: BIOL 161  or BIOL 141 . Lab fee: $70.
  
  • BIOL 334 - Neurobiology of Disease

    (4)
    SP. How does an electrical signal propagate through your body in milliseconds? How do neurons and other cells in the central nervous system communicate to maintain homeostasis? How does our nervous system respond to disease and injury? In this course, our goal is to answer these questions by studying the structure and function of the nervous system on the cellular and molecular level from a biological perspective. We will explore the in depth mechanisms of homeostatic maintenance and disease in the central nervous system. The laboratory experience will focus on primary literature analysis of a particular neurobiology research laboratory, culminating in an interview with the primary investigator. The course will also include field trips to regional neuroscience research laboratories. Lectures and laboratories. Prerequisite: BIOL 161  or BIOL 141 . Not offered 2020-2021.
  
  • BIOL 335 - Cell Physiology

    (4)
    SP, alternate years. A study of the function of animal cells with emphasis on events occurring outside the nucleus. Major emphases include the structure of the cell membrane, functions and interrelationships of membrane transporters and ion channels, synthesis of proteins and targeting of vesicles through the secretory pathway, structure and function of cell surface receptors and their interactions with intracellular signaling pathways, mechanisms of cell motility, and interactions of cells with the extracellular matrix. Concepts will be discussed in the context of historical development, examination of experimental evidence and relationship to the function of tissues and organs. Lectures, problem-based discussions of the primary literature, laboratories. Prerequisite: BIOL 161  or BIOL 141 . Lab fee: $70.
  
  • BIOL 336 - General Microbiology

    (4)
    FA. Ever wonder if microbes are important for the well-being of human beings? Do they only infect us and cause disease, spoil food, or promote decay? Why might we have ten times more probiotic bacteria in our digestive tracts than all of our bodily cells combined? In this course students study the immense diversity of microbial life and their creative environmental adaptations. They explore bacteria to remove oil spills, generate electricity, produce biofuels, and manufacture antibiotics. They discuss diseases caused by bacteria, viruses, and other microbes, and study mechanisms by which the immune system defends against such infections. Laboratory sessions focus on common microbiology techniques and include an independent project. Three hours of lecture and two two-hour laboratory sessions per week. Prerequisite: BIOL 161  or BIOL 141 . Lab fee: $70.
 

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