2020-2021 Catalog 
    
    Mar 29, 2024  
2020-2021 Catalog [ARCHIVED CATALOG]

Courses


Description of courses offered by the various departments

The symbols FA (fall), IN (interim), SP (spring), and SU (summer) indicate when each course is offered. The credit (semester hours) for each course is indicated in parentheses after the course name. Interim course descriptions are made available during the fall semester and are published online.

 

 

French

  
  • FREN 111 - Multisensory Structured French I

    (4)
    FA. An introductory course in the comprehension and use of spoken and written French designed to meet the needs of at-risk students. Materials are presented with an emphasis on understanding the nature of language. General language-learning skills are developed as specific world language goals are met. Students are admitted to this course on the basis of adequate documentation of being at-risk. Students in this sequence take FREN 112 in the interim and complete the core foreign language requirement with FREN 113 in the spring.
  
  • FREN 112 - Multisensory Structured French II

    (3)
    IN. The second course in a three-course sequence of language study designed to meet the needs of at-risk students. Materials are presented with an emphasis on understanding the nature of language. General language-learning skills are developed as specific foreign language goals are met. The course is open to students who are continuing from FREN 111 and expect to complete through the FREN 113 level.
  
  • FREN 113 - Multisensory Structured French III

    (4)
    SP. The third course in a three-course sequence of language study designed to meet the needs of at-risk students. Materials are presented with an emphasis on understanding the nature of language. Introduction to cultures where French is spoken, including North Africa, West Africa, and Quebec provides the opportunity for understanding how the language and culture interacts to shape expression in various contexts. The course is open to students who are continuing from FREN 112. Completion of French 113 satisfies the foreign language requirement.
  
  • FREN 131 - Introductory French

    (5)
    FA. This is the first course in a closely integrated sequence of language study involving two semesters and the interim. This course is open to students who have had no previous French or who have completed some high school French but who are not ready for FREN 201. Students in this sequence take FREN 132 during interim and complete the foreign language core requirement with FREN 202 in the spring.
  
  • FREN 132 - Intermediate French I

    (3)
    IN. This is the second course in a closely integrated sequence of language study involving two semesters and the interim. The course is open to students continuing from FREN 131 as well as students wishing to brush up on their French skills. Students in this sequence complete their foreign language core requirement with FREN 202.
  
  • FREN 201 - Intermediate French I

    (4)
    FA. Further training in oral and written French, study of the structure of the language, practice in speaking, listening, reading, writing and introductory study of francophone cultures. Students in this course complete their foreign language core requirement with FREN 202.
  
  • FREN 202 - Intermediate French II

    (4)
    SP. Further training in spoken and written French, study of the structure of the language, practice in listening, reading, and writing, and continuing study of francophone cultures. This course provides insights into the historical, cultural, and sociological contexts which have shaped the French language. Completion of French 202 satisfies the foreign language core requirement.
  
  • FREN 203 - Advanced Intermediate French

    (4)
    An accelerated review of essential grammar topics and vocabulary, as well as practice in speaking, listening, reading, and writing. Students learn about the historical, cultural, and sociological contexts which have shaped the French language. This course is intended for students who are beyond the FREN 201 level but are not yet ready for the advanced level. Completion of French 203 fulfills the foreign language core requirement. Not offered 2020-2021.
  
  • FREN 301 - Advanced Conversation

    (3)
    FA. This course is designed to develop advanced aural comprehension skills, as well as continuing competence in spoken French through exercises, conversation in class, and small groups. Prerequisite: FREN 202, or the equivalent.
  
  • FREN 302 - Advanced Grammar

    (3)
    SP. Systematic study of advanced grammar and composition. Prerequisite: FREN 202, FREN 203, or the equivalent.
  
  • FREN 351 - Survey of French Literature

    (4)
    SP. An overview of selected major writers, movements, and genres from the Middle Ages to the present. Conducted mainly in French. This course fulfills the core literature requirement. Prerequisite: FREN 301 or FREN 302.
  
  • FREN 361 - Francophone Literature and Culture in Quebec

    (3)
    An introduction to French-language culture and society in Quebec. Conducted mainly in French. This course fulfills the core literature requirement. Prerequisite: FREN 301 or FREN 302, FREN 351 recommended. Not offered 2020-2021.
  
  • FREN 362 - Francophone Literature and Culture in Sub-Saharan Africa and the Diaspora

    (3)
    An introduction to representative writers and works of French expression from Sub-Saharan Africa and the African Diaspora. Conducted mainly in French. This course fulfills the core global and historical studies requirement. Prerequisite: FREN 301 or FREN 302, FREN 351 recommended. Not offered 2020-2021.
  
  • FREN 363 - Francophone Literature and Culture in North Africa

    (3)
    An introduction to representative writers and works of French expression from the Maghreb. This course fulfills the core global and historical studies requirement. Conducted mainly in French. Prerequisites: FREN 301 or FREN 302, FREN 351 recommended. Not offered 2020-2021.
  
  • FREN 372 - French Linguistics

    (3)
    An introduction to French linguistics, including phonetics and phonology, morphology and syntax, lexicology and derivational morphology, pragmatics, and historical perspectives. Conducted mainly in French. Prerequisite: FREN 301 or FREN 302. Not offered 2020-2021.
  
  • FREN 373 - French for International Business

    (3)
    An introduction to French business concepts and structures in a contemporary context. Various aspects of the French economy (transportation, trade, banks and the European Union) as well as French business practices and language nuances in Quebec will be studied. This course develops proficiency in written and oral communication in French in a business context. Students will have the opportunity to earn the Diplôme de Français des Affaires conferred by the Chambre de Commerce et d’Industrie de Paris. Conducted mainly in French. Prerequisite: FREN 301 or FREN 302. Not offered 2020-2021.
  
  • FREN 374 - Women and Gender in French Literature and Culture

    (3)
    An introduction to women’s writing from the Middle Ages to the present. Conducted mainly in French. Prerequisite: FREN 301 or FREN 302, FREN 351 recommended. Not offered 2020-2021.
  
  • FREN 375 - French Cinema

    (3)
    FA. This course introduces French Cinema from the silent era to the present. Conducted mainly in French. This course fulfills the Arts core requirement. Prerequisite: FREN 301 or FREN 302, FREN 351 recommended.
  
  • FREN 381 - Special Topics

    (3)
    For spring 2017 the theme of this course is Francophone Cinema. Conducted mainly in French. Prerequisite: FREN 301 or FREN 302, FREN 351 recommended. Not offered 2020-2021.
  
  • FREN 383 - External Practicum

    (1)
    FA, IN, SP, SU. Students work at least 60 hours in a position that must be related to their major. May be repeated multiple times for credit. No more than 12 credit hours of internship and/or practicum can be counted toward graduation requirements. International students enrolled in this course may apply for CPT authorization. Online. Prerequisites: Not open to first-year students. Must be a major in department and have received approval from the department. Applications are initiated through the Career Center. Students find their own position, which must be approved by the Career Center and the department.
  
  • FREN 394 - Medieval and Early Modern French Literature

    (3)
    One of three possible capstone courses in the French major, this integrative studies course is designed to nurture Christian reflection on issues related to French literary studies of narrative, theater and poetry in France from the Middle Ages to the end of the 17th century. This course fulfills the integrative studies core requirement. Prerequisite: FREN 351. Conducted in French. Not offered 2020-2021.
  
  • FREN 395 - French Literature Before and After the French Revolution

    (3)
    One of three possible capstone courses in the French major, this integrative studies course is designed to nurture Christian reflection on issues related to French literary studies of narrative, theater and poetry in France from the beginning of the 18th century to the end of the 19th century. This course fulfills the integrative studies core requirement. Prerequisite: FREN 351. Conducted in French. Not offered 2020-2021.
  
  • FREN 396 - Contemporary French Literature and Thought

    (3)
    FA. One of three possible capstone courses in the French major, this integrative studies course is designed to nurture Christian reflection on issues related to literature in France from the twentieth century to the present. This course fulfills the integrative studies core requirement. Prerequisites: FREN 351. Conducted in French.

Geography

  
  • GEO 110 - World Regional Geography

    (4)
    FA, SP. An analysis of Earth’s principal culture regions from a geographic perspective: Africa, Europe, Russia, North Africa and Southwest Asia, East Asia, South Asia and Southeast Asia, Australia and New Zealand, Oceania, Caribbean, and Latin America. These areas will be examined in the light of several foundational geographic themes: the locational organization of physical and cultural features, society-land relationships, cultural landscapes, and patterns of spatial interaction among and within regions.
  
  • GEO 190 - Colloquium

    (0)
    FA, SP. This course gives students a broad overview of the fields of geography, geology, and environmental studies through presentations by guest lecturers, faculty members, and students as well as focused discussions about vocational choices, professional opportunities, films, and critical issues in the department’s three disciplines. Students are expected to pose questions to the specialist(s) who present. This course must be taken at least two times by geography majors.
  
  • GEO 200 - People, Place, and Community

    (3)
    FA, SP. Explores the role of humans in the context of their inhabitation of the earth. Humans create spatial landscapes and patterns in their interaction with the natural environment, through their economic activities and as expressions of their cultural values. Individual responses to these spatial patterns are expressed in their sense of place and assessment of risk related to cultural and natural landscapes. The tools of human geography involve the interpretation of these cultural landscapes, including settlement and land use patterns, religion, language, ethnicity, population flows and structures, interactions between culture and nature, and political boundaries, as well as the study of the understanding of behavioral responses to these landscapes.
  
  • GEO 230 - The Global Economy

    (4)
    FA, alternate years. This course examines the changing geography of economic activity within the contemporary world economy. Its main foci include perspectives on globalization, processes of economic change, patterns of world economic activity, and prospects for the future of economic geography. All four sectors of the economy—agriculture, manufacturing, services, and information-based transactions—are covered. Theoretical concepts are grounded by way of case illustrations that focus on representative places and people in the global economy. Students develop skills for doing social research. Laboratory. Prerequisite: GEO 200 GEO 110 , or one social science course. Lab fee: $25.
  
  • GEO 240 - Geography of Latin America

    (3)
    FA, alternate years. A survey of the geography of Latin America with an emphasis on the region’s physical, cultural, and economic diversity and with a particular focus on issues of development and poverty. Emphasis is put on historic migrations, physical resources, and relative location in the understanding of the formation of regional patterns. Not offered 2020-2021.
  
  • GEO 242 - Geography of Africa

    (3)
    SP, alternate years. A survey of the geography of Africa with a focus on the region’s physical, cultural, and economic diversity. Featured emphases include the historical experience of colonialism, challenges of environmental degradation, spatial patterns of forced and voluntary migration, intensification of poverty under structural adjustment programs, and the quest for successful development practices.
  
  • GEO 243 - The United States and the World

    (3)
    FA, SP. This course is a geographic survey of major world regions with a strong emphasis on the United States. Students analyze geographic factors that shaped the settlement of the United States; interpret cultural, social, environmental, economic, and geopolitical processes in world region; better understand the strong economic relationships between the “1st World” and the rest of the world; and appreciate “culturally distant vantage points” posed by regions outside the US. The course is designed to address the Michigan Social Studies Standards for Elementary Teachers. Note: Core requirements may not be met by this course.
  
  • GEO 250 - Meteorology

    (4)
    SP. This course is a study of the atmosphere and the complex processes that control weather and climate. Special attention is given to: the different forms of energy that are operative in the atmosphere and how these control temperature, the various optical phenomena that are observed in the atmosphere, the hydrologic cycle and the mechanisms of cloud formation and precipitation, air pressure and the winds that result from its differences at the surface and aloft, and the formation of air masses and their movement as frontal systems. Human interactions with atmospheric processes will be examined, including the topics of air pollution, hurricanes, tornadoes, ozone depletion, global warming, acid rain, and photochemical smog. Laboratory. Lab fee: $25.
  
  • GEO 260 - Geographic Information Systems and Cartography

    (4)
    FA, SP. Focus on geographic information systems (GIS) and the art and science of mapping for spatial analysis. Map-design techniques and visual communication using GIS vector and raster data forms will be explored, as well as a variety of methods for analyzing spatial relationships. Topics include those of the physical world and landscape, social justice, poverty, and a significant end-of-semester project. This course has a lecture and lab component, and lab work will give practical experience to students using the ArcGIS suite. Students will complete a GIS project tailored to their disciplinary interest. Cross-listed as GEO 560 .
  
  • GEO 290 - Seminar

    (0)
    FA, SP. This course gives students a broad overview of the fields of geography, geology, and environmental studies through presentations by guest lecturers, faculty members, and students as well as focused discussions about vocational choices, professional opportunities, films, and critical issues in the department’s three disciplines. Students are expected to pose questions to the specialist(s) who present. This course meets concurrently with GEO 190 , but is more advanced than the student colloquium. Each student is required to make a presentation on an approved research topic with guidance from a department faculty member. This course must be taken at least one time. Prerequisite: at least one semester of GEO 190 .
  
  • GEO 295 - Special Topics in Geography

    (2-3)
    Prerequisite: sophomore standing.
  
  • GEO 310 - Urban Geography

    (4)
    FA. A study of the spatial organization of cities and systems of cities. Both the internal structure and external relations of cities receive attention. The historic and present-day spatial organization of infrastructure, economic life, social activities, ethnicity, institutions, and politics are examined. Laboratory. Prerequisite: GEO 110 , GEO 200 , or one social science course. Lab fee: $25.
  
  • GEO 351 - City and Regional Planning

    (3)
    FA, alternate years. A survey of the practice of urban and regional planning including its theory, history, techniques, issues, and careers. Land use planning and zoning, housing and community development, environmental planning, recreation planning, health care systems planning, transportation planning, historic preservation and urban design, and other subfields are examined within neighborhood, downtown, suburban, regional, and Third World contexts. Prerequisites: Two 200-/300-level social science and/or geography courses or department approval.
  
  • GEO 352 - Urban Planning for Sustainable Communities

    (3)
    SP, alternate years. In this course we examine the relationship between the built environment and the natural environment and explore ways to make cities more livable, equitable, and ecologically sustainable. We study key thinkers and movements in urban-environmental planning, paying particular attention to garden cities, New Towns, the New Urbanism, and eco-communities. Topics for exploration include transportation and land use, sustainable food systems, reclamation of derelict land, regional planning, and ecological design for buildings and whole neighborhoods.
  
  • GEO 361 - Advanced Geographic Information Systems

    (4)
    SP. This course introduces advanced themes in Geographic Information Systems including spatial database design, spatial algorithms, implementation and design, and advanced GIS applications including designs for community development and service tailored to individual students’ major field of study. Cross-listed as GEO 561 . Prerequisite: GEO 260  with a grade of C or better.
  
  • GEO 362 - Remote Sensing of Earth

    (4)
    FA, alternate years. This course provides an introduction to remote sensing of Earth. During the semester students engage in the physics and technical aspects of photogrammetry and satellite imagery for the study of physical and human created aspects of Earth. This course includes a laboratory component as an integral learning method using Erdas Imagine software. Topics covered in this course range from aerial photography to analysis of 3D models of terrain to the sustainability of sprawl in urban systems. Multiple themes of application will be discussed. Cross-listed as GEO 562 .
  
  • GEO 380 - Seminar in Geographic Thought

    (3)
    SP, alternate years. This course includes a study of significant episodes and crucial issues in the history and philosophy of geography with an emphasis on present-day human geography. The philosophical underpinnings of geography’s domains and paradigms are critically examined. This seminar requires geography majors to reflect on integrating their geographical knowledge and fitting this into a Reformed worldview. Prerequisite: junior or senior standing in the geography program, or permission of the instructor.
  
  • GEO 385 - Internship in Geography

    (3)
    FA, SP, SU. This course is an internship involving professional application of the concepts and principles learned as part of the geography program. A student is placed in a government agency, a private firm, or a not-for-profit organization, which builds on previous instruction in the program in an area of applied geography, such as urban and regional planning, mapping, and geographic information systems. Students are assigned a specific project and work under the direct supervision of an employee of the outside agency or firm as well as under the supervision of the instructor. Prerequisites: senior standing in the geography major or permission of the instructor.
  
  • GEO 395 - Research in Geography

    (2)
    FA, IN, SP. Field or library research on an approved geographical problem and presentation of the results of this research in a seminar. Open to qualified students by permission of the department.
  
  • GEO 560 - Geographic Information Systems and Cartography

    (4)
    FA, SP. Focus on geographic information systems (GIS) and the art and science of mapping for spatial analysis. Map-design techniques and visual communication using GIS vector and raster data forms will be explored, as well as a variety of methods for analyzing spatial relationships. Topics include those of the physical world and landscape, social justice, poverty, and a significant end-of-semester project. This course has a lecture and lab component, and lab work will give practical experience to students using the ArcGIS suite. Students will complete a GIS project tailored to their disciplinary interest. Cross-listed as GEO 260 .
  
  • GEO 561 - Advanced Geographic Information Systems

    (4)
    SP. This course introduces advanced themes in Geographic Information Systems including spatial database design, spatial algorithms, implementation and design, and advanced GIS applications including designs for community development and service tailored to individual students’ major field of study. Cross-listed as GEO 361 . Prerequisite: GEO 560  with a grade of C or better.
  
  • GEO 562 - Remote Sensing of Earth

    (4)
    FA, alternate years. This course provides an introduction to remote sensing of Earth. During the semester students engage in the physics and technical aspects of photogrammetry and satellite imagery for the study of physical and human created aspects of Earth. This course includes a laboratory component as an integral learning method using Erdas Imagine software. Topics covered in this course range from aerial photography to analysis of 3D models of terrain to the sustainability of sprawl in urban systems. Multiple themes of application will be discussed. Cross-listed as GEO 362 .
  
  • GEO 563 - Spatial Demographics

    (4)
    SP. This course provides an introduction to demography and geographical analysis. Specific attention is given to the study of social, economic, and health statistics as they change over time and space, which illustrate the changing structure of human populations. Readings in demographic research and a GIS-based semester project will comprise the second half of the course. Prerequisite: GEO 560 .
  
  • GEO 564 - Spatial Statistics

    (4)
    FA. This course will provide students a foundational introduction to spatial statistics. Lectures and course work emphasize descriptive and inferential statistical approaches to geographic problems. Spatial pattern, clusters, distribution, 3-D space-time, and spatial relationship using Geographically Weighted Regression will be explored. Labs will train students on the single and multivariate statistical methods available in ArcGIS. Additionally, the R-Statistical package may be utilized based on instructor preference.
  
  • GEO 565 - Business Location Intelligence

    (5)
    SP. This course explores the exciting world of business spatial analytics and location-based services. Topics include gravity modeling, suitability analysis for potential market location, social and economic population analysis, and business and facilities saturation. Students will complete a GIS-based project for a local nonprofit business during the semester as a service-learning project. GEO 230 - The Global Economy  is not required but is recommended. Prerequisite: GEO 560 .
  
  • GEO 566 - Geospatial Programming and Data Management

    (5)
    FA. This course provides students with foundational knowledge in Python and Map Objects programming for GIS. Students will learn the Python programming language. Emphasis will be in ESRI model builder, scripting for ArcToolBox, and custom design workflows using Map Objects. Geospatial data management best practices, ArcGIS Server, and geodatabase design will be explored. Students will construct a custom GIS solution for a public or private business. No previous programming experience is necessary but is recommended. Prerequisite: GEO 560 .
  
  • GEO 570 - Special Topics in GIS

    (1)
    SP. This course explores various special topics in GIS. Topics could include urban and regional GIS, geospatial homeland security, web mapping, smartphone map app development, natural resource GIS management, or other. Prerequisite: GEO 560 .

Geography and Geology

  
  • GEO 120 - Earth Systems

    (4)
    FA, SP. This course includes an introductory study of physical systems and historical processes that shape the surface of Earth. Topics include: 1) The physical nature of Earth’s surface based on composition of Earth materials and the forces that create landforms, 2) weather and climatic systems and their effect on the global distribution of soils and ecological communities, and 3) the oceans. Understanding of Earth systems is applied to concepts of stewardship, resource use, and energy consumption. Not open to students who have completed GEO 112 , GEO 151 , or GEO 153 . Laboratory (lab fee: $25).
  
  • GEO 181 - First-Year Research in Earth Sciences: Dunes

    (5)
    FA. First-semester Calvin students are immersed in undergraduate research experiences focused on Lake Michigan coastal dunes. Classes cover topics ranging from the contemporary understanding of Great Lakes coastal dune forms and processes to human interactions with coastal dunes to the practices of science. In the first part of the course, students gain experience in the process of scientific enquiry and appropriate methods of field-data collection and data analysis during directed research experiences at dune sites. Then teams of students design and implement investigations of contemporary research questions about Lake Michigan coastal dunes. Student research activities are supported by upper-level student research mentors. Three 50-minute classes and one five-hour lab period weekly. Laboratory. Lab fee: $25.
  
  • GEO 251 - Oceanography

    (4)
    FA, alternate years. This survey course includes: the history of marine exploration, the nature of the ocean floor, including submarine volcanoes, oceanic crust, sea-floor spreading, and marine sediments, coastal geomorphic processes, the properties of seawater, the nature of tides and currents, ecological marine biogeography, including marine plankton, deep-water biota, coral reef communities, and estuarine and intertidal marine communities, and stewardship of marine resources. Laboratory, field trips. Prerequisites: high school chemistry and sophomore standing. Lab fee: $25.
  
  • GEO 252 - Geomorphology

    (4)
    FA. The investigation of landforms and the processes which cause them. This course studies the erosional and depositional features resulting from rivers, glaciers, and wind, as well as coastal, gravitational, and weathering processes. Landforms are described and classified from field observations, topographic maps, and aerial photographs. Explanations of the landforms are offered through quantitative modeling of the processes. Laboratory, field trips. Prerequisite: GEO 120 , GEO 151 ,or GEO 153 . Lab fee: $25.
  
  • GEO 322 - Coastal Geomorphology

    (4)
    SP, alternate years. This course examines the nature and development of coastal landforms and the processes responsible for change in the coastal zone. Topics include waves, currents, tides, wind, changing sea levels, and the coastal environments of beaches, dunes, estuaries, and rocky coasts. Coastal land use and hazards, shoreline protection, and coastal stewardship will be discussed. Great Lakes coasts are emphasized. Laboratory and field trips. Prerequisite: GEO 252 . Lab fee: $25.
  
  • GEO 383 - External Practicum

    (1)
    FA, IN, SP, SU. Students work at least 60 hours in a position that must be related to their major. May be repeated multiple times for credit. No more than 12 credit hours of internship and/or practicum can be counted toward graduation requirements. International students enrolled in this course may apply for CPT authorization. Online. Prerequisites: Not open to first-year students. Must be a major in department and have received approval from the department. Applications are initiated through the Career Center. Students find their own position, which must be approved by the Career Center and the department.
  
  • GEO 390 - Independent Study

    (1-4)
    FA, IN, SP. Prerequisite: permission of the department.

Geology

  
  • GEO 112 - Earth Science for Educators

    (4)
    May interim, alternate years. An introductory study of physical systems and historical and contemporary processes that shape the surface of Earth. Topics include 1) the physical nature of Earth’s surface based on composition of earth materials and the forces that create landforms, 2) weather and climatic systems and their effect on the global distribution of soils and ecological communities, and 3) the Earth/sun/moon system. Understanding of Earth systems is applied to concepts of stewardship, resources use, and energy consumption. Not open to students who have completed GEO 151  or GEO 120 . This course is designed for students in the education program. Laboratory, multiple field trips.
  
  • GEO 151 - Introduction to Geology

    (4)
    FA, SP. This course is a study of the materials and processes of Earth leading to a responsible Christian appreciation for and stewardship of Earth. Topics include minerals and rocks, Earth’s interior and surface structure, surface processes producing landforms, geological time and principles for interpreting Earth history, mineral resources and fossil fuels, and geological hazards such as earthquakes, volcanoes, floods, landslides, and groundwater pollution. Not open to students who have completed GEO 120 , GEO 112 , or GEO 153 . Laboratory. Lab fee: $25.
  
  • GEO 152 - Historical Geology

    (4)
    SP. The first portion of this course traces the development of the study of Earth through the past few centuries, as geology became a true scientific discipline and as its practitioners became convinced of Earth’s antiquity. Attention is given to relating views of Earth’s history to the Genesis record. During the remainder of the course, evidence for the particulars of Earth history, with emphasis on North America, is outlined. Topics include the origin of Earth and its moon, the origin of continents and ocean basins, rock deformation caused by plate motion and the creation of mountain ranges through history, and sedimentary deposits of intercontinental seas. The laboratory builds on rock classification and map techniques introduced in GEO 151 . Laboratory. Prerequisite: GEO 151  or equivalent. Lab fee: $25.
  
  • GEO 153 - Big Sky Geology: Montana Field Experience

    (4)
    (Field version of Geology 151; offered in May/June). This course in geology is based in southwest Montana. Southwest Montana offers superb field exposures and is within driving distance of outstanding geological localities including Yellowstone National Park and Craters of the Moon National Monument. This course fulfills the physical science core requirement, and emphasizes outdoor, field-based investigation and learning. Students will be introduced to the breadth of geological study leading to responsible Christian appreciation and stewardship of Earth, including rocks and minerals, landforms and surficial processes, geological hazards, and natural resources. Field activities are an important part of each day and the field experience will complement morning lecture and lab activities. As a graded course, exams will cover lecture and text, and students will be required to complete lab assignments, construct a written field log, and choose a special field project. Course includes four evening sessions in April. Not open to students who have completed GEO 120 , GEO 151  or GEO 112 .
  
  • GEO 212 - Tectonics

    (4)
    FA, alternate years. An analysis of common geological structures such as folds, faults, joints, and foliations, inquiry into the means by which these structures are formed from stresses within Earth, methods of constructing and interpreting geological maps and cross sections, and introduction to field-mapping techniques. Laboratory, field trip. Prerequisite: GEO 152 . Lab fee: $25.
  
  • GEO 215 - Mineralogy

    (4)
    FA. A study of minerals and crystal structures with an emphasis on the silicates. The composition, crystal symmetry, and geologic occurrence of minerals are discussed along with mineral structures, chemistry, mineral associations, and mineral genesis. Crystal morphology and mineral identification are important topics, especially in lab. Laboratory. Prerequisites: GEO 151  or GEO 153  or GEO 120  and CHEM 101  or concurrently. Lab fee: $25.
  
  • GEO 304 - Geochemistry

    (3)
    SP, alternate years. This course studies Earth’s major geochemical systems with particular attention to water and rock systems. Topics include fresh and marine water, including groundwater, mineral crystallization and weathering, organic geochemistry, and the application of geochemistry to forensic pollution studies. Stable and radiogenic isotope systematics are reviewed and applied to geological problems and issues. Prerequisites: CHEM 102  or GEO 215  AND one from GEO 151 , GEO 153 , GEO 120 , or permission of the instructor.
  
  • GEO 312 - Special Topics in Environmental Geology

    (4)
    SP, alternate years. Use of geologic methods and interpretations in understanding and resolving geologic problems relating to the environment. Emphasis on energy systems and global impacts, including fossil fuels and renewable energy resources, mineral and water resources, and geologic hazards associated with landslides, earthquakes, and volcanic events. Pollution from hydrocarbons and mineral/chemical constituents and environmental cleanup issues are discussed. Laboratory. Prerequisite: GEO 252 .
  
  • GEO 313 - Paleontology

    (4)
    SP, alternate years. A study of the organisms that once lived on the Earth. Includes an examination of the processes of preservation and methods of discovering the structure, habitat, and relationship of those organisms, and a review of their distribution and life history. A broad spectrum of organisms is studied with emphasis on invertebrate animals. Also listed as BIOL 313 . Lectures, laboratory, field trip. Prerequisite: GEO 152  or BIOL 160  and BIOL 161 . Lab fee: $25.
  
  • GEO 316 - Igneous and Metamorphic Petrology

    (4)
    SP, alternate years. This course addresses the origin, emplacement, occurrence, and tectonic context of igneous and metamorphic rocks. Mineral and rock compositions and chemistry, textures, classifications, and phase relationships are studied. The principles of Optical Mineralogy and use of the petrographic microscope is emphasized in lecture and lab. Lab work utilizes the petrographic microscope and hand samples for rock and mineral descriptions and genetic interpretations. Laboratory. Prerequisite: GEO 215 . Lab fee: $25.
  
  • GEO 317 - Sedimentation and Stratigraphy

    (4)
    FA, alternate years. This includes the study of the classification and origins of sedimentary rocks with emphasis on the physical, chemical, and biological processes responsible for the origin, deposition, and diagenesis of sediments, with particular attention to modern depositional analogs, an investigation of the use of thin-section petrography in the interpretation of the genesis of sedimentary rocks, and graphical techniques for depicting the geometries of layered sedimentary rocks in outcrop and subsurface. Laboratory, field trips required. Prerequisite: GEO 215  or concurrently. Lab fee: $25.
  
  • GEO 325 - Hydrogeology

    (4)
    SP, alternate years. This is an upper-level, pre-professional course, providing preparation in fundamental principles and practical applications of groundwater occurrence, flow, quality, extraction, and remediation. The course will examine significant water resource and pollution issues in urban and developing areas, and will address needs for clean and adequate water supplies in poor and remote areas of the world. Laboratory and field trips. Prerequisites: CHEM 101  plus GEO 252  or ENGR 306  or ENGR 320 . MATH 132  or MATH 171  strongly recommended. Lab fee: $25.
  
  • GEO 341 - Geology Field Methods

    (3)
    SP, alternate years. Geology Field Methods teaches basic field observation, identification, and mapping skills for advanced students in Geology programs. Several on-campus preparatory sessions in April precede the 2-week May field portion in SW Montana. We visit superb exposures of many varieties of igneous, metamorphic and sedimentary rocks, as well as outstanding examples of normal and thrust faulting. We examine a variety of active and inactive mines including copper, gold, silver, and talc deposits, and study the environmental impacts of mining. After a study of the regional stratigraphy, a mapping project focuses on complex structure and rock deformation and teaches field mapping techniques. Most of the class will be in the field with daily trips. Longer excursions will visit volcanic exposures in Idaho and Wyoming, including Craters of the Moon National Monument and Yellowstone National Park. NOTE: The field portion of this course is two weeks immediately following spring commencement. A fee applies.
  
  • GEO 386 - Seminar in Geology

    (2)
    A survey of the historical development of geology as a science and an examination of the principles and practice of geology from a Reformed perspective. Prerequisite: senior status in the major concentration in geology or permission of the instructor.
  
  • GEO 387 - Geology as Vocation

    (1)
    FA, alternate years. This course examines the job market in the Geosciences and considers job and graduate school options for students after graduation. Topics include seeking to discover God’s call, career options and necessary qualifications, and career issues geologists encounter. Students make personal evaluations, complete a resume and set career goals. Outside professionals are interviewed. Course is graded pass/fail. Prerequisite: junior or senior standing or permission of the instructor.
  
  • GEO 396 - Research in Geology

    (2-4)
    FA, IN, SP. Field and/or laboratory research on an approved geological problem and presentation of the results of the research in seminar. Open to qualified students by permission of the geology faculty.

German

  
  • GERM 121 - Introductory German

    (4)
    FA, SP. An introductory course in the German language and cultures that includes an investigation of German-speaking countries and training in intercultural skills. The course serves as both a fast-paced introduction to German for students with no prior knowledge of the language, and as a systematic review and continued learning for students who have taken high school German but who, on the basis of a placement test, are not prepared for GERM 201 . Students taking German 121 may continue with GERM 150  during interim or GERM 201  in the fall and then complete the foreign language core requirement with GERM 202  in the spring.
  
  • GERM 150 - Intermediate German I Intensive

    (3)
    IN. This course focuses on further development of skills in speaking, listening, reading, and writing German. This includes investigation of cultural topics, German history, and a study of a variety of texts. Prerequisite: GERM 121 .
  
  • GERM 201 - Intermediate German I

    (4)
    FA. Further development of skills in speaking, listening, reading, and writing German. This course includes systematic grammar review, cultural topics, and study of a variety of short texts. Prerequisite: GERM 121  or placement test.
  
  • GERM 202 - Intermediate German II

    (4)
    SP. Continuation of GERM 150  or GERM 201 . Completion of GERM 202 fulfills the core foreign language requirement. This course offers an overview of German- speaking Europe and its cultural history. Prerequisite: GERM 150  or GERM 201 .
  
  • GERM 301 - Advanced German Language and Culture

    (3)
    FA. This course is designed to develop advanced speaking and comprehension skills and to prepare students for living short- or long- term in a German-speaking culture. Course materials engage important themes in recent German history and contemporary Europe. Prerequisite: GERM 202 .
  
  • GERM 302 - German Cultures and Intercultural Studies

    (3)
    SP some semesters. This course focuses on cultural learning, intercultural skill building, and cultural intelligence. Through exploration of German cultures, cultural comparisons and reflections on cultural identities, students build their capacity for engaging well across cultural lines. Key themes include factors of identity and an introduction to cultural studies. Course texts range from Jugendliteratur to newspaper articles, film, and poetry. Texts on cultures and cultural learning in English may also be assigned. Students are expected to progress in all German language skills, as well as their abilities to interact effectively and sensitively across cultural boundaries. Prerequisite: GERM 202 .
  
  • GERM 303 - Introduction to German Literature

    (3)
    SP. The course offers an introduction to reading more substantial works of literature than those encountered in core-level courses. Works are drawn from various periods and genres. Attention is also directed at the processes of reading and interpretation, and at what it means to mature as a Christian reader of literature. This course fulfills the core literature requirement. Prerequisite: GERM 202 .
  
  • GERM 361 - Advanced Writing in Cultural Context

    (3)
    FA, even years. Further development of advanced language skills through intensive work with written, aural, and visual media dealing with contemporary issues in the German-speaking world. The course includes a review of grammar topics and writing genres. Prerequisite: GERM 301 , GERM 303 , or permission of the instructor.
  
  • GERM 362 - Culture and Language through Performed Texts

    (3)
    FA, odd years. An introduction to different eras and cultural themes of German-speaking Europe through the reading, interpretation, and presentation of a variety of texts. Works studied represent different performance genres, such as medieval mystery plays, sermons, epic poetry, traditional theater, music, radio plays, speeches, modern theater, and poetry slams. Students learn to interpret these texts as cultural products with implicit goals, assumptions about audience and the role of performance texts, and worldviews. Connections to specific historical events, the visual arts, and literary trends are explored as they relate to historical and contemporary performances of the various German texts. Students are expected to progress in their German language skills, including grammar, reading, speaking, and listening comprehension. This course fulfills the core rhetoric in culture requirement. Prerequisite: GERM 301 , GERM 303 , or permission of the instructor.
  
  • GERM 371 - German Visual Culture and Literature

    (3)
    SP, odd years. An exploration of the culture of German-speaking Europe through its rich and intricately linked traditions of visual and literary culture. Students examine the interplay of texts and a broad variety of visual media including architecture, painting, sculpture, photography, theatrical and operatic production, film, and television. Students will analyze materials for their rhetorical strategies and how they seek to move their audience with appeals to culturally and historically charged themes. While becoming familiar with salient ideas in German cultural history and the insights offered by an analysis and appreciation of particular works of literature and the arts, students will gain valuable experience interpreting German cultural artifacts for their implicit worldviews, assumptions, and goals. This course fulfills the core Arts requirement. Prerequisite: GERM 301 , GERM 303 , or permission of the instructor.
  
  • GERM 372 - Outside Voices: German Culture from the Margins

    (3)
    SP, alternate years. This course looks at German cultural history through the eyes of the outsider. Defining “outsider” as anyone marginalized because of race, ethnicity, religion, gender, or native language, course materials focus on the nature of exclusion, resistance, and the way German cultural history and national identity have been shaped by voices traditionally outside of the normative or mainstream culture. Perspectives addressed will include the experiences of women, Jews, Turks, Afro-Germans, Muslims, and other minority groups. Prerequisite: GERM 301 , GERM 302 , or GERM 303 .
  
  • GERM 381 - Special Topics

    (3)
    SP some semesters, IN. This course offers the opportunity for focused study of a specific work, topic, or authors in a seminar setting. It includes intensive discussion in German of both primary and secondary texts. This course may be repeated with a different topic focus. A variable-credit (2-3) version of this course, “Topic: Practicum in Teaching German,” is also available during the interim. Prerequisite: GERM 301 , GERM 303 , or permission of the instructor.
  
  • GERM 383 - External Practicum

    (1)
    FA, IN, SP, SU. Students work at least 60 hours in a position that must be related to their major. May be repeated multiple times for credit. No more than 12 credit hours of internship and/or practicum can be counted toward graduation requirements. International students enrolled in this course may apply for CPT authorization. Online. Prerequisites: Not open to first-year students. Must be a major in department and have received approval from the department. Applications are initiated through the Career Center. Students find their own position, which must be approved by the Career Center and the department.

Global Development Studies

For non-GDS courses, please refer to course descriptions in their respective departments.

  
  • GDS 201 - Introduction to Global Development

    (3)
    FA, SP. An introduction to the history of global development, to the realities of contemporary life in the world’s low income countries, and to competing theoretical perspectives on development and change. The course addresses cultural, social, political, religious, economic, and environmental elements of people’s lives in the Global South. It also surveys and critiques such dominant perspectives on development as modernization, dependency, globalization, and sustainable development.
  
  • GDS 351 - National and Regional Development

    (3)
    FA. An in-depth study of the major contemporary explanations for low levels of development and corresponding recommendations for promoting development at national and regional levels. These explanations focus variously on economic institutions and policies; political institutions and governance; cultural and religious orientations; human rights; geography and the natural environment; technology; social capital and civil society; and globalization/imperialism. Prerequisite: GDS 201 , SPHO 205 , or permission of instructor.
  
  • GDS 355 - Community Development

    (3)
    SP. A study of the theories, problems and methods associated with global development work at the community level. Topics include participatory methods, community mapping, survey and assessment methods, project planning and evaluation, asset based community development, appreciative inquiry, donor-client relationships, organizational partnerships, gender mainstreaming, and adult education methods. Special attention is given to the way Christian development organizations carry out these methods in both domestic and international contexts. Prerequisite: GDS 201 , SPHO 205 , ENTR 201 , or permission of instructor.
  
  • GDS 359 - Internship in Development

    (12)
    FA, SP. Internships will typically take place in collaboration with the World Renew, and will generally involve World Renew’s placement of the student with one of its partner organizations, either in a developing nation or in North America. Students will work for four to five months with this partner in areas of development work including community development, micro-enterprise and business development, literacy and adult education, organizational capacity building, data gathering, basic health, disaster preparedness and response, refugee assistance and resettlement, local church-based development, and peace and reconciliation work. Placement will occur through an application and interview process. See one of the GDS advisors for more information. Prerequisites: GDS 201  or SPHO 205  and SOC 231 . It is strongly recommended that prior to this internship students have taken GDS 355  or STHO 212 , an educational experience in a developing nation or its equivalent, appropriate language capabilities, and junior/senior status.
  
  • GDS 383 - External Practicum

    (1)
    FA, IN, SP, SU. Students work at least 60 hours in a position that must be related to their major. May be repeated multiple times for credit. No more than 12 credit hours of internship and/or practicum can be counted toward graduation requirements. International students enrolled in this course may apply for CPT authorization. Online. Prerequisites: Not open to first-year students. Must be a major in department and have received approval from the department. Applications are initiated through the Career Center. Students find their own position, which must be approved by the Career Center and the department.
  
  • GDS 395 - Senior Seminar in Global Development Studies

    (3)
    SP. A study of the worldview foundations of contemporary development theories, with special attention to Christian perspectives on development and development work. Topics include economic liberal, sociological-based modernization, Marxian, post-developmental, feminist and capabilities-based approach perspectives on development, as well as Christian perspectives on development arising from the Roman Catholic, Mennonite, and Reformed traditions. Prerequisites: junior/senior status and two GDS courses.

Greek

  
  • GREE 101 - Elementary Greek I

    (4)
    FA. A beginning study of classical Greek with emphasis on the essentials of grammar and basic vocabulary.
  
  • GREE 102 - Elementary Greek II

    (4)
    SP. A continuation of GREE 101 with the reading of selected prose passages. Completion of this course allows the student to read works like the New Testament or Attic Greek prose with the help of a grammar and lexicon.
  
  • GREE 201 - Intermediate Greek

    (3)
    FA. A thorough review of the essentials of grammar will accompany the reading of selected Greek prose and/or poetry Prerequisite: two years of high school Greek or two courses of college Greek. Not offered 2020-2021.
  
  • GREE 203 - Biblical Greek

    (3)
    SP, every third year. Readings in the New Testament, with special emphasis on gaining reading proficiency in koine Greek. Completion of this course fulfills the core requirement in foreign language. Prerequisite: GREE 201. May be repeated for credit, depending on course content and permission of the instructor.
  
  • GREE 205 - Greek Prose

    (3)
    SP, every third year. Readings in a selected Greek prose author, with special emphasis on gaining reading proficiency in Greek prose. Completion of this course fulfills the core requirement in foreign language. Prerequisite: GREE 201 or permission of the instructor. May be repeated for credit, depending on course content and permission of the instructor.
  
  • GREE 206 - Greek Poetry

    (3)
    SP, every third year. Readings in a selected Greek poet, with special emphasis on gaining reading proficiency in Greek poetry. Completion of this course fulfills the core requirement in foreign language. Prerequisite: GREE 201 or permission of the instructor. May be repeated for credit, depending on course content and permission of the instructor. Not offered 2020-2021.
  
  • GREE 300 - Readings in Greek Literature

    (3)
    FA. Readings from a Greek prose author and/or poet, with special emphasis on literary qualities, as illumined by critical scholarship. Completion of this course fulfills the core requirement in foreign language. May be repeated for credit, depending on course content and permission of the instructor.

Health Education

  
  • HE 115 - Essentials of Anatomy and Physiology

    (4)
    FA, SP. This is a study of the major theories of biology as applied to humans. The student is introduced to the concepts of cells, genetics, ecology, and evolution through the study of anatomy, physiology, and development of the human body and health. Students apply these concepts to contemporary issues in human biology, society, and the environment. The laboratory utilizes methods of biological investigation, with an emphasis on human anatomy and physiology. Laboratory. Cross-listed BIOL 115.
 

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